The
CINTEC Anchor System is recognised by civil engineers throughout the
world as a highly versatile method of structural reinforcement. Its
unique design features allow for adaptations that meet the specific
strengthening and repair requirements individual to each project. In
recent years, extensive research and development has focused upon
the contribution CINTEC anchors can and do provide in the fields of
Seismic Upgrading and seismic repair while still remaining sensitive
to the original architecture.
The
CINTEC reinforcement system comprises a steel bar enclosed in a
mesh fabric sleeve into which a specially developed
grout is injected under low pressure. The grout is a Portland
cement based product, containing graded aggregates and other
constituents which, when mixed with water, produce a pump able
cementations grout that exhibits good strength without
shrinkage. Installation is by precisely drilled holes using wet
or dry diamond coring technology. The flexible sleeve of woven
polyester restrains the grout flow and expands to up to twice
its previous diameter moulding itself into the shapes and spaces
within the walls, providing a strong mechanical bond along the
entire length of the anchor without the need for unsightly
patress plates on the exterior of the structure.
In brief CINTEC Anchors have the
following advantages:
Custom designed for each
project
Cementitious; sympathetic
to original structure
Age tested for durability
Invisible when installed
Resistant to fire
Controlled grout flow and
containment
Quickly installed
Approved by heritage
organisations world-wide
Case History: The Mosque of al-Ghuri,
Egypt
The Madrasa and Kanqah of Sultan al-Ghouri
is monument number 189 of the Mohammedan monuments under the care of
the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation. It is of the date 909-10 AH
1503-4 AD.
The Sultan Qansul al-Ghouri was the last but one of the Mamaluk
Sultans enjoying an unusually long reign for this period (1501-16).
The Sultan died in the midst of battle against the Ottoman Turks,
his body never discovered.
The funerary complex of Sultan al-Ghouri is situated in the Fahhamin
quarter of Old Cairo in al-Muizz Street. On the west side there is a
kanqah and mausoleum as well as a sail kuttab. The minaret is a four
storied rectangular structure approximately 50 metres high.
The Madrasa Mosque with its strong
features, bold design, marble panels and intricate geometric design
carved into the surface of the arches and ceiling represents the
last great flowering of Mamaluk art.
It has to be accepted that all
representations of masonry structures through numerical modelling
will inevitably present a somewhat idealised representation. In
practice, a degree of pragmatism and engineering judgement is
required, especially where localised repairs are involved. The
reinforcement of Al Ghuri Mosque in Cairo - Egypt, is a case in
point.
In
1992 an earthquake of approximately 5.9 on the Richter scale
occurred 30km to the south-west of Cairo. The focal depth was near
the surface and its relatively high frequency meant that damage to
low structures of up to five storeys was intensified. Built in
1504AD (909AH) the mosque of Sultan al-Ghuri was left in a very
delicate state of equilibrium. Despite having survived for 500
years, earthquakes and neglect
had brought the structure to the point of collapse. Typical damage
included separation of walls at right angles resulting in vertical
cracks, spreading of the arches and dropping of voussoirs,
settlement of the floors, failure of roof to wall connections and a
loss of integrity of the walls construction.
CINTEC
anchors were extensively introduced to
restore structural integrity and provide additional ductility to the
building. Anchors up to 12 metres long served to stiffen individual
walls which were usually comprised of two facing skins filled with a
core rubble. Longitudinal ties in each of the stone facings in the
walls above arches serve to resist the thrusts naturally produced by
the arch as well as serving to assist the walls to resist subsequent
earthquakes.
In addition, transverse ties of length equal to the thickness of the
wall acted as consolidation anchors. Furthermore,
CINTEC
anchors connecting the roof structure
to the perimeter walls are intended to create a diaphragm action
The
CINTEC Anchor System is recognised by civil engineers throughout the
world as a highly versatile method of structural reinforcement. Its
unique design features allow for adaptations that meet the specific
strengthening and repair requirements individual to each project. In
recent years, extensive research and development has focused upon
the contribution CINTEC anchors can and do provide in the fields of
Seismic Upgrading and seismic repair while still remaining sensitive
to the original architecture.
grout is injected under low pressure. The grout is a Portland
cement based product, containing graded aggregates and other
constituents which, when mixed with water, produce a pump able
cementations grout that exhibits good strength without
shrinkage. Installation is by precisely drilled holes using wet
or dry diamond coring technology. The flexible sleeve of woven
polyester restrains the grout flow and expands to up to twice
its previous diameter moulding itself into the shapes and spaces
within the walls, providing a strong mechanical bond along the
entire length of the anchor without the need for unsightly
patress plates on the exterior of the structure.
In
1992 an earthquake of approximately 5.9 on the Richter scale
occurred 30km to the south-west of Cairo. The focal depth was near
the surface and its relatively high frequency meant that damage to
low structures of up to five storeys was intensified. Built in
1504AD (909AH) the mosque of Sultan al-Ghuri was left in a very
delicate state of equilibrium. Despite having survived for 500
years, earthquakes and neglec
t
had brought the structure to the point of collapse. Typical damage
included separation of walls at right angles resulting in vertical
cracks, spreading of the arches and dropping of voussoirs,
settlement of the floors, failure of roof to wall connections and a
loss of integrity of the walls construction. 